The overview of oral cancer and risk factors in bangladesh. The development of oral cancer is a multistep process. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention cancer. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a. The 2 most important modifiable risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco and alcohol consumption. In fact, smokers are six times more likely to get an oral cancer than nonsmokers. Exposure to one of three broad groups of carcinogenic stimuli, namely, chemical. However, one in four people diagnosed with oral cancer has no risk factors. Most oral cancers begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. Risk factors oral cancer aetiology is multifactorial and the major risk factors can be categorised as modifiable behavioural and nonmodifiable sociodemographic seetable 1 10, 11. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer.
Oral cancer facts risk factors signs and symptoms additional. Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others. See the hereditary cancer syndromes section for more information about. Learn more about the risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngealcancer. Discusses how pooled international casecontrolled study data are shedding increasing light not only on the causes of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, but on the. Lohe and others published risk factors in oral cancer find, read and cite all the research you need on. A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Each year, over 450,000 patients are diagnosed with oc world wide 2. A literature analysis of the risk factors for oral cancer 69 2008. The use of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco and excessive consumption of alcohol are the prominent risk factors in oral cancer. Studies have shown that marijuana smoking is not an independent risk factor for oral cancer development. Oral cancer risk factors and diagnosis everyday health. Carcinoma of oral cavity causative and risk factors. A total of 2261 participants were interviewed in a crosssectional study, to investigate associations between sociodemographic descriptive variables and knowledge of oral cancer, risk factors.
Risk factors for oral cancer canadian cancer society. The nccn guidelines panel for cervical cancer screening endorses the following guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. They also include things people cannot control, like age and family history. Overall, oral cancer rates have increased approximately 15% from the mid1970s until the latest national cancer institute survey. Patients are unable to adequately prevent oral mucositis and carry out oral care. Oral cancer causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment national. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common malignancies, 1 especially in developing countries, but also in the developed world 2. Tobacco and alcohol are the most important risk factors for oral cancer. Risk factors for lip and oral cancer include excessive sun exposure, tobacco, and excessive alcohol use, says scott mclean, md, director of the head and neck cancer program. Incidence of and risk factors for development of oral. Up to 75% of oral cancers may be attributed to exposure to tobacco or alcohol. A subtype of head and neck cancers is oral cancer oc, which is described as a cancerous growth in the mouth 1. While the vast majority of oral cancers frontanterior of mouth are.
Oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer prevention approaches include avoiding or reducing risk factors like smoking, alcohol, and oral hpv infection. Infection with the sexually transmitted hpv16 virus has been linked to a subset of oral cancers. Cancer risk factors include exposure to chemicals or other substances, as well as certain behaviors. Nonsmoking tobacco products for example, snuff, dip, spit, chew, or dissolvable tobacco are also associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. Subsites differ by major risk factor and have variable. Oral health is very important part of human health and cannot lead good life without it. Anyone can get oral cancer, but the risk is higher. Aug 22, 2019 a persons risk for oral cancer increases the longer he or she smokes. Oral cancer causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. We have provided an overview of these and other oral cancer risk factors and their prevalence in new zealand. The use of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco and excessive consumption of alcohol are the prominent risk factors in oral cancer re.
Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control study. Tobacco use, including both smoked and smokeless e. Hence, there is a need to reevaluate the changing epidemiological trends. The term oral cancer oc includes a diverse group of tumors arising from the oral cavity. Approximately 49,700 americans are diagnosed each year with this largely preventable type of cancer that affects the mouth andor pharynx. Risk factors for developing oral cancer one of the biggest risk factors for oral cancer is tobacco use. Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients. Squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most common histology and the main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol use 3. Global data on incidence of oral cancer map pdf, 256kb. Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control study ncbi.
The development of oral cancer is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. Risk factors for breast cancer in women iv other factors appeared to have a moderate level of increased risk rr 1. Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control. Nov 21, 2018 logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for oral mucositis were advanced age, a lack of appetite, and the duration of chemotherapy. Tobacco use in all of its forms and alcohol are major risk factors for developing oral cancer. Risk factors an estimated 25 percent of oral cancer patients have no known risk factors. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, as well as chewing tobacco. All forms of tobacco increase a persons risk of oral cancer.
Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Oral cancer risk factors national oral health conference. A family history of certain cancers can be a sign of a possible inherited cancer syndrome. However, patients without obvious risk factors can develop oral cancer and premalignant lesions. Oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer prevention pdq. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers a risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Oral cancer accounts for roughly three percent of all cancers diagnosed annually in the united states, or about 53,000 new cases each year. Exposure to one of three broad groups of carcinogenic stimuli, namely, chemical, physical, and viral, is known to induce cancer in genetically and systemically conditioned oral mu cosa. It is estimated that more than 40,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year. Another casecontrol study found betel quid chewer had an odds ratio of 6. The 2 most important modifiable risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco and alcohol.
Sao paulo southeast, curitiba south, and goiania centralwest. A literature analysis of the risk factors for oral cancer. Although oral cancer undoubtedly has a multifaceted etiology, tobacco use and alcohol consumption are widely considered to be its major risk factors. Factors that can increase your risk of mouth cancer include. The risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is greatly increased by 2 factors. Smokeless tobacco is strong, independent risk factor for oral cancer development in our study population. Discusses how pooled international casecontrolled study data are shedding increasing light not only on the causes of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, but on the impact of avoiding risk factors. Alcohol and tobacco remain the greatest risk factors and using them in combination increases the risk 15 times over the use of one or the other. A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. Considering known risk factors, oral cancer appears to be to a certain extent, a preventable disease. A recent multicentre case control study reported that infection with hpv16 increased the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and particularly oropharynx 46, 47. This casecontrol study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under. This paper is an overview of the various etiological agents and risk factors implicated in the development of oral cancer. Oral cancer affects almost twice as many men as women.
Risk factors for oral cancer e397 introduction head and neck cancers rank third in most common malig nancies encountered in both genders globally. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest. Oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer prevention. Etiologic risk factors for oral cancer oral cancer is a multifactorial disease. Oral contraceptives and cancer risk key points there is evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer for women under age 35 who are recent users of ocs see section on breast cancer. But doctors have identified factors that may increase the risk of mouth cancer.
Anyone can get oral cancer, but the risk is higher if you are male, use tobacco, drink lots of alcohol, have hpv, or have a history of head or neck cancer. Oral cancer risk factors and symptoms verywell mind. A persons risk for oral cancer increases the longer he or she smokes. With dietary deficiencies, these factors cause more than 90 percent of oral cancers. Despite recent advances in cancer diagnoses and therapies, the 5.
A risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. The objective of this casecontrol study was to measure the. Oral cancer national institute of dental and craniofacial. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with oral cancer with substantial evidences.
Oral cancer is very dreadful disease that affects many. Assessment and prevention of behavioural and social risk. Oral cancer is twice as prevalent in men as it is in. Oral cancer is very dreadful disease that affects many people each year all over the world and it is eleventh most dominate cancer in the world. Its estimated that 75 to 80 percent of those with oral cancer drink alcohol frequently. Top risk factors for oral cancer american dental association.
For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Oral cancer risk factors linda m kaste, dds, ms, phd diplomate, american board of dental public health professor, university of illinois at chicago college of dentistry. A number of molecularbased diagnostic markers have been used to detect the presence of oral cancer with varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity. In 2012, there were nearly 40,000 new cases of cancer of. Its important to see your dentist regularly for screenings.
Over the past 30 years, a series of authoritative reports issued by the u. In this paper, incidence, mortality, risk factors, prevention. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors. Men are also twice as likely as women to develop oral cancer. As a result, half of all patients undergoing outpatient cancer chemotherapy developed oral mucositis. Oral cancer risk factors in new zealand muhammed yakin, ratu osea gavidi, brian cox, alison rich oral cancer is a signi. Studies have consistently shown that using ocs reduces the risk of ovarian cancer see section on ovarian and endometrial cancers. Heavy, regular alcohol consumption is a risk factor for oral cancer. Alcohol and tobacco remain the greatest risk factors and using them in combination increases. Carcinoma of oral cavity causative and risk factors ecronicon. Show full abstract oral cancer, risk factors, disease precursor lesions, and health professional of choice for diagnosis. In this study, the risk of oral cancer attributed to smoking 76% was higher than the risk attributed to alcohol consumption 55%.
Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for oral mucositis were advanced age, a lack of appetite, and the duration of chemotherapy. Oral cancer most often occurs in people over the age of 40 and affects more than twice as many men as women. The variables were descriptively analyzed and possible associations. Its not clear what causes the mutations in squamous cells that lead to mouth cancer. Some factors may increase the likelihood of developing oral cancer. For the management of abnormal cervical screening tests and cancer precursors.
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